Ph.D. Course Work Physical Education and Sports Science

 

POST GRADUATE GOVERNMENT INSTITUTE FOR PHYSICAL EDUCATION, BANIPUR

NORTH 24 PARGANAS HABRA, WEST BENGAL

(Affiliated to West Bengal State University, Barasat)

Draft Ph.D. Course Work Physical Education and Sports Science

 

Total Number of Credits required: 16

 

This course has different modules comprising of lectures, demonstrations, hands on training, seminars and workshops. All modules of this course are mandatory for all students. As part of this course the students are also expected to attend all events organized by the institution such as invited talks, PhD open defence, seminars and workshops. PGGIPE faculty, external faculty and senior PhD students will handle classes.

 

1: Research Methodology (4 Credits)

2: Statistic, Data Analysis and A.I (4 Credits)

3: Research and Publication Ethics (4 Credits)

4: Area of specialisation (4 Credits)

 

Course contents

Sl. No.	Subjects	Credits	Marks
1	Research Methodology (PHD104A)	04	100
2	Statistic, Data Analysis and A.I (PHD104B)	04	100
3	Research and Publication Ethics (PHD104C)	04	100
4	Area of specialisation(PHD104***)	04	100
		16	400
5	Field Work/ Seminar/ Workshop	-	-
6	Synopsis Preparation and Viva-Voce	-	-

Evaluation Process

		Marks					Full Marks
		Internal		Viva		End Term
1	Research Methodology (PHD104A)	20	20		60		100
2	Statistic, Data Analysis and A.I (PHD104B)	20	20		60		100
3	Research and Publication Ethics (PHD104C)	20	20		60		100
4	Area of specialisation(PHD104***)   SP-1 SP-2	10	10		30		(50+50) =100
		10	10		30

 

PHD-104 A. Research Methodology- 4 Credits (24hrs)

 

This course is designed to enable the student to understand the basic principles and practices of common methods used for research in Physical education and sports science. The course deals with contemporary research methodologies, experimental design.

 

Unit I: introduction

 

Philosophy of research in Phy. Edu.; Scope of Research in Phy. Edu & sports; classification of research. 

Research Methodology- An Introduction, Research Design, Formulating the Research Topic/Question, Defining the Research Topic/Question, Approaches and Methodology for Research, Different form of Hypothesis, Testing of Hypothesis, Limitations and Delimitations, Research Design, Hypothesis as a framework for scientific projects, Experimental design. Quantitative Research, Qualitative Research.

 

Unit II: Review of literature

 

Literature Search, Steps of conducting Literature review. Critical Review, Use of Databases and Experimental Design Databases for literature search, Bibliometrics, Citation, Impact factor. Interdisciplinary approach and its implications in various research area.

 

Unit-III Development of research proposal

 

Research proposal and its elements. Formulation of research problem-criteria of sources and definition. Development of objectives and characteristics of objectives. Development hypotheses and applications.

 

Unit-IV Report writing and evaluations

 

Research Proposal, Components of Research Proposal. Principles of Synopsis/ Thesis/ report writing and guide lines according to different style manuals. Writing and presentation of preliminary, main body and reference section of report. Picture and Graphs. Evaluation of research report.

 

Suggested Readings:

1. Barrow, H. M. (1979). Practical Approach to Measurement in Health & Physical Education. (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Lee & Febigeer

2. Best, J. W. & Kahn, J. V. (2006). Research in Education.(10th ed.). New Delhi: PHI

3. Clark, D. H. & Clark, H. H. (1979). Research process in Physical Education, recreation & health. Englewood Cliffs: prentice Hall.

4. Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2008). Education Research, Quantitative, Qualitative and Mixed Approaches. (3rd ed.). Sage Publication: England.

PHD-104 B. Statistic, Data Analysis and A.I- 4 Credits (24hrs)

 

Unit 1: Scope of Statistics in Sports Research

 

1.1 Applications of statistics in Physical Education and Sports,

1.2 Definitions (populations, samples), Basic concepts, type of data, various data collection methods, Diagrams and graphs;

1.3 Measures of averages and location; Measures of dispersion;

1.4 Probability and probability theory, Use of statistical packages on data.

 

Unit II: Types of Data

 

2.1 Descriptive vs. Analytical,

2.2 Applied vs. Fundamental,

2.3 Quantitative vs. Qualitative,

2.4 Population Vs Sample,

2.5 Discrete Vs Continuous,

 

Unit III: Statistical Methods

 

1.1 Descriptive: Graphical representation on various type of data.

1.2 Measures of spread: Variance and Standard Deviation, Standard Error, Level of significance.

1.3  Chi square, t and F-tests, ANOVA, Correlation and Regression, Skewness, Kurtosis; Quantiles, Outliers.

1.4 Inferential: Framing hypothesis, Hypotheticodeductive method, Definition & Concept of types of hypotheses, types of errors, Power, Level; Storing Data in public repositories.

1.5 Statistical Hypothesis; Null and Alternative Hypothesis, Testing of Hypothesis.

1.6 Data Analysis with Statistical Packages: Software’s used for analysis of scientific data-SPSS, Medcalc, Sigmaplot, etc.

 

Unit: IV Artificial Intelligence

AI Tools for academic research

Definition of AI -introduction, Generative AI, Application of AI in data analysis,                          Retrieval generative AI

AI tools for academic writing, literature review, abstract and title generation, summarization of the paper, interaction of pdf research paper, detailed data analysis xl files, csb files etc

AI content detector tools for data analysis

Mendeley reference manager, Quill bot, Chat Gpt 3.5, Chat Gpt 4, Tome, Zotero, Google Gemini, Julius, Vizly , Data Squirrel, chart pixel, Hal 9, Research studio

 

Suggested reading:

1. Mann, P. S. (2007). Introductory statistics. John Wiley & Sons.

2. Rice, J. A. (2006). Mathematical statistics and data analysis. Cengage Learning.Campbell, A. M.

 

PHD-104 C. Research and Publication Ethics (4 Credits) 24 Hours

 

Unit -I Philosophy and Ethics

1.1 Introduction to philosophy: definition, nature and scope, concept, branches

1.2 Ethics: definition, moral philosophy, nature of moral judgements and reactions.

1.3 Intellectual Honesty and Research Integrity.

1.4 Conflicts of interest, Violation and consequences.

 

Unit -II Scientific Conduct

2.1 Ethics with respect to science and research

2.2 Intellectual honesty and research integrity

2.3 Scientific misconducts: Falsification, Fabrication, and Plagiarism (FFP)

2.4 Redundant publications: duplicate and overlapping publications, salami slicing

2.5 Selective reporting and misrepresentation of data

 

Unit-III  Publication Ethics

1. Publication ethics: definition, introduction and importance

2. Best practices/standards setting initiatives and guidelines: COPE, WAME, etc. 3. Conflicts of interest

4. Publication misconduct: definition, concept, problems that lead to unethical behaviour and vice versa, types

5. Violation of publication ethics, authorship and contributor ship

6. Identification of publication misconduct, complaints and appeals

7. Predatory publishers and journals

Unit-IV 

A. Publication Misconduct

1. Subject specific ethical issues, FFP, authorship

2. Conflicts of interest

3. Complaints and appeals: examples and fraud from India and abroad

B. Software tools

Use of plagiarism software like Turnitin, Urkund and other open-source software tools

 

Suggested reading:

Fundamental Principles of Writing a Successful Grant Proposal. Chung et al, 2008

1. Grant writing 101, Jason et al, 2013

2. The development of open access journal publishing from 1993 to 2009., Laakso et al 2011.

3. Publication ethics., Sabyasatchi et al., 2017

4. An author's guide to publication ethics: a review of emerging standards in biomedical journals. Jason Roberts., 2009.

 

 

 PHD- 104 (***) Subject Specific Course work (Any two, four credit each)

 

Paper I- Sports Training (P-1)

Objectives:

 

1. To understand the scientific sports training process & principles

2. To develop attitudes and skills in designing sports training programs

3. To be better prepared to be a good researcher

4. To enable student to understand principles of sports training to develop and implement sports training programme and other training programmes

 

Unit 1: Introduction and Trends in Sports Training

1.1 Meaning, Definition, Scope of Sports Training

1.2 Aim and Characteristics of Sports Training

1.3 Trends in Sports Training

1.4 Talent Identification

Unit 2: Training Methods

2.1 Principles of Sports Training

2.2 Load, Adaptation, and Recovery

2.3 Sports Fitness Training Methods

2.4 Periodization

Unit 3: Training Program

3.1 Long Term and Short-Term Training Plans

3.2 Technique, Skill, and Psychological Training

3.3 Design Training Program

3.4 Evaluation of Training Program

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1 Training Methods

4.3 Training Program and Plans

4.3 Talent Identification 4.4 Training Duration

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work PhD in Physical Education Course Work

 

Suggested Reading:

1. Singh, H. (1991). Science of sports training. New Delhi: DVS publication

2. Uppal. A. K. (2001). Principles of sports training. New Delhi: Friends publication

3. Rainer Martens (2005). Successful coaching

4. Beachel & Taylor (2006). Essentials of strength training & conditioning

 

Paper II- Biomechanics (P-2)

Objectives:

1. To enable student to understand the science of Biomechanics and kinesiology in relation to human performance

2. To enable student to analyze various fundamental movements and understanding the relevance of analysis

3. To enable student to understand the body structure and apply the knowledge in analysis of movements

4. To enable student to apply the knowledge of biomechanics for the purpose of research

 

Unit 1: Introduction and Trends in Biomechanics

1.1 Introduction to the field of Methods of investigations in Sports Biotechnics

1.2 Meaning, Definition, Scope of Biomechanics

1.3 Importance of Biomechanics

1.4 Trends in Biomechanics

 

Unit 2: Analysis of Techniques and Training

2.1 Analysis of fundamental Skills and Sports Skills

2.2 Measuring Time (t) and Distance (s); Drawing Time-Distance (s-t) curve;

Analyzing (s-t) curve.

2.3 Video Film Analysis - Cinematography and Videography

2.4 Analysis of movement using analysis software — basic principles, using

analysis software to collect data.

 

2.5 Tools of Biomechanical Analysis - Electrography and Dynamographs - LED’s and Electromagnetic Markers - Force transducers and Pressure Sensors

 

Unit 3: Skill Analysis 3.1 Athletics – Field Event

3.2 Athletics – Track Events PhD in Physical Education Course Work

3.3 Athletics – Jumping Events

3.4 Skill Analysis of Various Sports

 

Unit 4: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work

4.1 Recording of movements using cameras:

4.2 Manual analysis of movements;

4.3 Analysis of movements using software.

 

Suggested Reading:

1. Hay, J (1981). The Biomechanics of sports techniques. New Jersy: Prentice Hall.

2. Bunn, J. W. (1981). Scientific principles of coaching. Englewood: Cliffs. Prentice Hall.

3. McGinnis, P. M.(2005).Biomechanics of sports exercises. USA: Human Kinetics.

4. Sunderrajan, G.S. Biomechanics of sports and games. Ludhiyana: Tondon Publication.

5. Susan, J. H (2003). Basic Biomechanics.(4th Edn.) Mc.Graw Hill Publication.

6. Rajlakshmi, D. (2007). Biomechanics for sports and games. Sports Educational Technologies.

7. Hoffman, S.J. (2005). Introduction to Kinesiology. Human Kinesiology Publication.

8. Uppal. A. K. and Lawrence, M. P. Kinesiology. New Delhi. Friends Publication: India.

 

 

 

Paper III- Management of Physical Education & Sports (P-3)

Objectives

1. To acquaint the students understand the scope and importance if management in Phy. Edn.

2. To acquit the students with concept & principles of management in physical education.

3. To acquaint the students to manage the programme of competitions, intramurals the basic level of competitions.

4. To acquaint the students with the budget management, school programme of Phy. Edn. and sports.

 

Unit 1: New trends in Management

1.1 Modern concept of Management

1.2 Process of Management

1.3 Structure of Management

1.4 New trends of Management

 

Unit 2: Management and Organisation

2.1 Scope and Importance of Management

2.2 Principles of Management

2.3 Major faction of Management

2.4 Formal and informal Organization

 

Unit: 3 Various Managements in P.E.

3.1 Facility Management

3.2 Fiscal Management

3.3 Equipment Management

3.4 Office Management

 

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1 Facilities in Physical Education & sports

4.2 Sports competition

4.3 Spots marketing PhD in Physical Education Course Work

4.4 Physical Education program

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work

 

 Suggested Readings:

1. Bucher, C. A.& Krotee, M. L. (2002). Management of Physical Education of Sports, (12th Edn.). New Yark: McGraw Hill.

2. Voltmer, E.F. (1979).The organization and administration of Physical Education (5th Edn). New Jersy: Prentice Hall.

3. Parkhouse, B. L. (1991). The Management of Sports Foundation & Application St. Loup: Mosby Year Book.

4. Kamlesh, M. L. (2000). Management Concepts in Physical Education & Sports, New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd.

 

Paper IV- Measurement and Evaluation in Physical Education(P-4)

 

Objectives:

1. To enable student to understand the meaning of testing, measurement and evaluation.

2. To introduce student with different types of tests and evaluation techniques.

3. To enable student to understand the general principles of test constructions,

4. To enable student to understand the interpretation of test scores,

5. To enable student to plan, prepare to administer and execute the teacher made test.

 

Unit 1: Introduction of Evaluation process

1.1 Meaning of Test, measurement, Evaluation and Assessment

1.2 Different test in physical Education: Knowledge, Psychological, Fitness, Skill, Physiological, Special Population, Test batteries, Anthropometric test

1.3 Trends in Evaluation in Physical Education

PhD in Physical Education Course Work

 

Unit 2: Factors affecting measurement in physical education.

2.1 Different tools of Evaluation in physical Education

2.2 characteristics of Test batteries

2.3 Factors Considering for selecting test

2.4 Factors considering for administration of test

 

Unit 3: Testing Validity and Reliability of testing tools

3.1 Different methods for testing validity of tool

3.2 Different methods for testing reliability of tool

3.3 Norms- Types, Importance and construction

3.4 Construction of motor test & Questionnaire

 

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1Revive on Test Batteries

4.2 Revive on Anthropometric study

4.3 Revive on Test construction

4.4 Revive on Standardization of test and test batteries

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field

 

Work Suggested Reading:

1. Miller, David. K. (2002). Measurement by the Physical Educator. New York: McGraw Hill companies.

2. John & Nelson (1998). Practical Measurements for Evaluation in Physical Education. Delhi: Surjit Publication.

3. Barrow, H.M.(1979).Practical Approach to Measurement in Physical Education. Ed. (3rd Ed.). Philadelphia: Lee & Febigeer,

4. Clarke, H. (1987). Application of Measurement in Health & Physical Education. Ed. (6th Ed.). New Jersey Prentic Hall,Inc 1987.

5. Kansal, D.K. (1996). Test & Measurement in Sports & Physical Education. New Delhi:.D.V.S.Publications,

 

Paper V-Physical Fitness and Wellness(P-5)

 Objectives:

1. To enable student to understand Principles of Physical Fitness and wellness

2. To introduce students to various exercise for developing fitness

3. To introduce students to various training methods in sports

4. To enable students improve overall & specific fitness

5. To help them create database of exercises & training protocols

6. To enable student to assess fitness using different techniques

 

 

Unit 1: Introduction of physical fitness and wellness

1.1 Trends & Relevant Issues in physical fitness and wellness

1.2 Concept of HRPF and SRPF

1.3 Benefits and advantages of different components of fitness

1.4 Concepts of Exercise, Physical Activity, Health and obesity

 

Unit 2: Physical Fitness and its Management

2.1 Principles of Exercise training to improve physical fitness

2.2 Factors affecting physical fitness PhD in Physical Education Course Work 2.3 Phases for Exercise prescription

2.4 Management of Fitness programme

 

Unit 3: Developing Fitness and wellness

3.1 Different exercises and fitness Activities

3.2 Means and methods of developing physical fitness: Circuit training, Resistance training, plyometric training, Fartlek training, Interval training, Core training, cross training and other

3.3 Concept of wellness

3.4 The Components of total wellness

 

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1 Reviews on fitness development

4.2 Reviews on physical activity

4.3 Reviews on obesity

4.4 Reviews on wellness

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work

Suggested Readings:

1. Fahey, Insel, Roth (2004). Fit & well (6th Ed.). Boston: McGraw Hill co.

2. Greenberg, Dintiman, Oakes. (2004). Physical fitness & wellness (3rd Ed.). IL: Human Kinetics

3. Howley & Franks (1997). Health fitness instructor’s Handbook (3rd Ed.) IL: Human kinetics

4. ACSM (1998) ACSM’s resource manual for guidelines for exercise testing & Prescription (3rd Ed.) Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins

 

Paper VI- Exercise Physiology (P-6)

Objectives:

1. To enable the student to understand the physiological effects of Exercise on different system or/and on the body as a whole.

2. To enable the students to understand bioenergetics & role of energy systems in sports activities.

3. To enable the students to understand the role of nutrition & its relevance in energy production.

4. To enable student to understand the importance of exercise physiology in research

 

 

 

Unit 1: Introduction

1.1 Concept of Exercise Physiology

1.2 Aims and Objectives OF Exercise Physiology

1.3 New Trends in Exercise Physiology

1.4 Effect of Exercise on Different Systems.

 

Unit 2: Essentials and Energy for Movement

2.1 Energy System

2.2 Hormonal Regulation of Exercise, Muscular and Neurological Control Of Movement

2.3 Cardiovascular Control and Respiratory Regulation during Exercise

2.4 Sources of Energy System,

 

Unit 3: Environmental Influences Optimizing Performance in Sport

3.1 Thermal Regulation and Exercise Quantifying Sport Training Exercise Hypobaric, Hyperbaric and Microgravity Environments

3.2 Nutrition and Nutritional Ergogenic, Optimal Body Weight For Performance

3.3 Physical Activity for Health and Fitness

3.4 Effect of Altitude on Performance

 

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1 Effect of Different Training Program on Different Systems.

PhD in Physical Education Course Work

4.2 Effect of Altitude Training on Performance

4.3 Effect of Environmental Training on Performance

4.4 Effect of ergogenic aids on different systems

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work

Suggested Readings:

1. Mathew, D. K. and Fox, E. L. (1976). Physiology basis of Physical Education and athletics. Philadelphia: UBS company

2. Pearce Evelyn. (1992). Anatomy and physiology for nurces, calcutta: Oxford university press.

3. Sedey , Rod R.(1992). Anatomy and physiology. St. louis: Mosby.

4. Clarke, H. David exercise physiology.

5. William D. Mcardle, Frank I. Katch, and Victor L. Katch Exercise physiology.

6. Koley, Shyamal Exercise Physiology.

7. Frank J. Corny and Harold .W. Burlon. Exercise physiology for health.

PhD in Physical Education Course Work

 

Paper VII- Yoga Education(P-7)

 

Objectives:

1. To understand the foundation & background of Yoga

2. To enable student to understand stages of yoga & importance of practicing yoga

3. To understand the benefits & effects of Kriyas, Bandhas, Pranayama

4. To enable them to understand relation of yoga, health & mental health

5. To introduce them to the research in yoga and its contributions

 

Unit 1: Basics of Yoga

1.1 History of Yoga

1.2 Concept of Yoga

1.3 Aims and Objectives of Yoga

1.4 New Trends in Yoga

 

Unit 2: Ashtang Yoga

2.1 Asanas

2.2 Pranayama

2.3 Suryanamskar

2.4 Classification of Yoga: A) Hath Yoga, B) Power Yoga

 

Unit 3: Yoga and Mental Health

3.1 Self Study Learning Control Through learning yourself

3.2 Self Control Through Yoga

3.3 Meditation

3.4 Kriya

 

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1 Asanas

4.2 Pranayama

4.3 Kriya

4.4 Meditation

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work PhD in Physical Education Course Work  

 

Suggested Reading:

1. Iyengar, B. K. S. (1989). Light on yoga, Yoga Dipika. London: UNWIN paperbacks.

2. Kappmeir, K. L. & Ambrosihi, D. M. (2006). Instructing hata yoga. Champaign: Human kinetics.

3. Alice, C. (2000). Yoga for sports. Chicago: CB.

4. Sawmi Kuvalayanand (19930). Asanas. Lonavla: Kaivalayadham.

5. Tiwari, O. P. (2002). Asanas why & how?. Lonavla: Kaivalayadham.

 

Paper VIII- Sports Psychology (P-8)

Objectives:

1. To get acquainted with the meaning, nature and scope of sports Psychology.

2. To be able to know & prepare psychological profiles of sportsmen.

3. To understand the role of sports psychology in the performance.

4. To know the various psychological problems and its coping techniques for better sports performance.

5. To introduce to the role of leaders, counselors, and social psyche in the performance enhancement.

6. To introduce the Psychological Tests and be able to conduct these tests on subjects.

 

Unit 1: Introduction

1.1 Meaning, scope & development of sport psychology

1.2 Relationship of sport psychology with other sport sciences

1.3 Need & importance of sport psychology

1.4 Psychological Profiling of Sportsmen/Athletes

 

Unit 2: Personality & Anxiety

2.1 Personality traits of Sportsmen

2.2 Anxiety – Types, Effect of Anxiety on performance

2.3 Techniques for Relaxation & Activation

2.4 Effects of Spectators, society, family, etc. on sports performance PhD in Physical Education Course Work

2.5 Personality Test: 16 PF, EPQ. Motivation: Athletic Motivation Scale

 

Unit 3: Growth & Development, Learning & Motivation.

3.1 Growth & Development in different stages and training implications to develop.

3.2 Learning & Learning Theories

3.3 Motivation – Types & Techniques of motivation

3.4 Psychological Tests: Motivation, Personality, Anxiety, Aptitude, Intelligence, etc.

 

Unit 4: Research Reviews (Minimum Eight) Related to

4.1 Psychological Profile of Sportsman

4.2 Anxiety and Motivation

4.3 Growth and Development

4.4 Learning

 

Unit 5: Course Related Practical Work, Field Work

 

 Suggested Reading:

1. B. J. Cratty. Psychology of Contemporary sports Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers,

2. John M. Silva & Roberts. Psychological Foundations of Sport. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

3. Diane Gills, Psychological Dynamics of sports. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

4. Cox, Sports Psychology. Champaign: Human Kinetics Publishers.

5. Richard M. Sumin, “Psychology in Sports, Methods & Application. New Delhi: Surjeet Publication.

6. But, Lusan Dorcas, Psychology lof Sports. Network: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company

7. Cratty, Bryant. J. (1973)., Movement Behavior and Motor Learning. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger.

8. Kamlesh M. L. Psychology of Physical Education and sports (London, Boston Rutledge and Kegan Paul.

9. Linda K. Binket, Robert J. Ratella and Ann/, S. (1972). Really Sports, Psychology, Psychological Consideration Maximizing Sports Performance. Dubugne Jowa : C. Brown Publishers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                                                              WEST BENGAL STATE UNIVERSITY

                                                                 Ph.D. course work Examination 2024

                                                            In Physical Education and Sports Sciences

 

 

The following is the statement of marks/grades obtained by____________________________ Registration No._______________ at the aforesaid examination, ……………………… 2024.

 

 

Subject  Code	Contents			Full  Marks		Marks Obtained		Letter Grade	Grade Point	Credit	Credit Point
Ph.D.-101   Ph.D.-102   Ph.D.-103   Ph.D.-104	Research Methodology Statistic and data analysis will A/ Research and Publication Ethics specialised Area (any two 50+50)			100   100   100   100
Total				400
Current Semester	SGPA :			Result :
	% :
Remarks :  QUALIFIED THE COURSE WORK EXAMINATION
Qualification		Letter Grade	Percentage of marks obtained		Grade Point		SGPA=     Sum of ( Credits X Grade Point)                ∑ Credits of all papers of a Semester (Semester Grade Point Average)
Outstanding		O	95 to 100		10
Excellent		E	85 to < 95		9
Very Good		A	75 to < 85		8
Good		B	65 to < 75		7
Fair		C	55 to < 65		6
Fail		F	Bellow 55		2
Incomplete		I			0

                                               

NB: TO QUALIFY A MINIMUM OF 55% MARKS TO BE OBTAINED IN EACH PAPER