CHAPTER 10: TRAINING IN SPORTS

Chapter 10: Training in Sports

1. Talent development in sports in India is based on proper ______.

(A) Talent development
(B) Achievement
(C) Talent hunt
(D) Talent making

Correct Answer: (C) Talent hunt

Explanation: Talent development in sports is based on talent identification (or talent hunt). Sports performance levels can't be uplifted without proper management of talent search schemes.

2. The performance enhancement in the future can be predicted based on:

(A) physiological factor
(B) physical factor
(C) talent indicators
(D) all of these

Correct Answer: (D) all of these

Explanation: Future performance can be predicted by a combination of factors, including physiological and physical attributes, as well as specific talent indicators relevant to a sport.

3. Talent identification is a ______ process.

(A) general process
(B) scientific process
(C) specific process
(D) none of these

Correct Answer: (B) scientific process

Explanation: Talent identification is a scientific process that uses systematic methods to identify individuals with potential for excellence in specific areas.

4. Talent identification in India is the base of ______ in sports.

(A) talent development
(B) talent growth
(C) talent improvement
(D) talent search

Correct Answer: (A) talent development

Explanation: Talent development is totally dependent upon proper talent identification.

5. Assertion (A): Talent is an inherent ability of a person.
Reason (R): Without proper sports training and coaching, talent becomes worthless.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: There is a cause and effect between talent and sports training. Talent (inherent ability) provides the potential, but training is necessary to realize that potential, making it a correct explanation.

6. Assertion (A): Talent development in sports in India is based on proper talent identification.
Reason (R): Only a physical education teacher knows how to identify true talent at the school level.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (C)

Explanation: Teachers, coaches and PET are all able to identify talent at the school level. Therefore, the Reason is false.

7. Assertion (A): First category of talent identification is below 10-12 years of age.
Reason (R): Modifications in technique can be easily adopted by students aged 10-12 years.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: This age is considered a golden age for skill acquisition because children are highly adaptable and can learn new techniques easily, which is why talent identification is effective then.

8. Identify the component which is not managed by sports training.

(A) Speed
(B) Endurance
(C) Flexibility
(D) Fame

Correct Answer: (D) Fame

Explanation: Fame is not a fitness related physical fitness component. It's a social outcome, not a physiological adaptation from training.

9. Meso Cycle is training of:

(A) 1 week
(B) 4-10 days
(C) 3-6 weeks
(D) 3 months

Correct Answer: (C) 3-6 weeks

Explanation: It is a mid-term training phase used to achieve specific objectives within a larger macrocycle.

10. Training cycle in sports which is also known as ______, totally depends upon the principles of sports training.

(A) periodisation of training
(B) preparatory period
(C) transitional period
(D) none of these

Correct Answer: (A) periodisation of training

Explanation: Principle of periodisation is a part of sports training and training cycles of sports.

11. Transitional Phase is a:

(A) rest and recovery period.
(B) training period.
(C) competition period.
(D) fitness period.

Correct Answer: (A) rest and recovery period.

Explanation: Transitional period is constructed for psychological relaxation and proper rest or recovery.

12. Assertion (A): Preparation phase is for the athletes or team to prepare for the competition.
Reason (R): Preparatory period consists of three phases in which general, specific and tactical training is provided.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: During the preparatory period, the athlete focuses on general and specific training, as well as tactical training. The Reason correctly details what the Assertion states.

13. Assertion (A): A macrocycle refers to the overall training period; usually it is a yearly plan.
Reason (R): Macrocycle is the longest training cycle from 3 to 12 months.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Macrocycle is the one-year training plan for the preparation of the highest sports achievement. The reason correctly defines the time frame, explaining the assertion.

14. If a muscle contracts and changes its length to produce force, the contraction type is:

(A) Isotonic
(B) Isometric
(C) Isokinetic
(D) None of these

Correct Answer: (A) Isotonic

Explanation: Isotonic contractions tone up the muscles. In isotonic exercises, movements can be seen directly and work is done. For example, callisthenics exercises, weight training exercises, etc.

15. Identify the component of fitness which is tested through this exercise (e.g., vertical jump).

(A) Maximum strength
(B) Explosive strength
(C) Strength endurance
(D) Static strength

Correct Answer: (B) Explosive strength

Explanation: Exercises involving quick, powerful movements like jumping test explosive strength, which is the ability to exert maximum force in the shortest possible time.

16. The isokinetic method was developed by:

(A) HC Buck
(B) Joy Perrny
(C) J. Perrine
(D) J.J. Coubertin

Correct Answer: (C) J. Perrine

Explanation: James Perrine is credited with developing the concept of isokinetic exercise in 1967.

17. An exercise in which movement is visible.

(A) Isometric
(B) Isotonic
(C) Isokinetic
(D) Isonomic

Correct Answer: (B) Isotonic

Explanation: Isotonic exercises are those in which movement is visible.

18. Assertion (A): Proper warming up must be done beforehand.
Reason (R): Warming up is the basic and necessary preparation for Strength training.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Warming up is the necessary process or group of exercises which makes the muscle ready for sports training. The Reason explains why the Assertion is a rule.

19. Assertion (A): Isokinetic exercises are effective for almost every game.
Reason (R): They develop a high level of dynamic as well as explosive strength.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: In Isokinetic exercises, the speed of contraction can be adjusted according to the individual's capacity, which helps develop dynamic and explosive strength, making them effective.

20. Assertion (A): Power is the strength generated during the starting of any muscle contraction activity.
Reason (R): Power, speed, strength and start strength are the parts of explosive strength.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Explosive strength is stated as the ability to prevail over resistance through high speed. The components listed in the Reason define this ability, thus explaining the Assertion.

21. Interval training is used for developing:

(A) flexibility
(B) agility
(C) endurance
(D) speed

Correct Answer: (C) endurance

Explanation: Endurance is the component which is developed by the interval training method.

22. Resistance ability against fatigue is called:

(A) strength
(B) speed
(C) endurance
(D) agility

Correct Answer: (C) endurance

Explanation: Endurance is the ability to resist fatigue or the ability to overcome resistance under the condition of fatigue.

23. Fartlek training was developed in:

(A) Sweden
(B) The USA
(C) India
(D) The UK

Correct Answer: (A) Sweden

Explanation: Fartlek training method was developed in Sweden in 1930s and translates roughly into English as 'speed play'.

24. Assertion (A): Endurance is an imperative ability used in games and sports.
Reason (R): Only contact games are mainly dependent upon basic endurance.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (C)

Explanation: Endurance is one of the essential components of physical fitness and it is a basic need for almost all games and sports, not just contact games. So the Reason is false.

25. Assertion (A): The specific endurance in which movements are executed at a slower speed for a lengthy duration, namely in cross-country and marathon.
Reason (R): It may be determined by aerobic or anaerobic metabolism.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Marathon running is an endurance activity primarily fueled by aerobic metabolism. The reason correctly identifies the metabolic pathways that determine this type of endurance.

26. Assertion (A): Fartlek training allows adding a variety of intervals to the aerobic workouts, which helps to keep one stimulated.
Reason (R): Fartlek is a Swedish term that means 'speed play' and has been used by distance runners for years.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (B)

Explanation: Both terms are correct, but do not have cause and effect relation. The definition of the word 'Fartlek' doesn't explain why variety is stimulating.

27. Physiological factors determining speed are:

(A) explosive strength
(B) body weight
(C) muscle composition
(D) both (A) and (C)

Correct Answer: (D) both (A) and (C)

Explanation: Explosive strength and muscle composition both have significant effects on speed. Explosive strength is the combination of speed and strength.

28. Ability to achieve maximum speed from a stationary position is called:

(A) speed endurance
(B) acceleration ability
(C) locomotor ability
(D) movement speed

Correct Answer: (B) acceleration ability

Explanation: Acceleration ability is the important phase of speed, and it works to move from static to dynamic position.

29. Acceleration runs are used to improve ______.

(A) strength
(B) endurance
(C) speed
(D) flexibility

Correct Answer: (C) speed

Explanation: Acceleration runs directly train the ability to increase from a standstill to top speed, which is a key component of overall speed.

30. Assertion (A): "Speed is the capacity of an individual to perform successive movements of the same pattern at a fast rate".
Reason (R): Speed is the time rate at which an object is moving along a path.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: The Reason provides the scientific definition of speed, which is the underlying principle for the sporting definition given in the Assertion.

31. Assertion (A): Vision, tactile and auditory senses are forms of reaction abilities in sports.
Reason (R): Reaction ability is the ability to respond or react efficiently and promptly to a signal.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: In sports, signals/stimuli can be of diverse forms, including visual, tactile and auditory. The Reason defines reaction ability, and the Assertion provides examples of the signals one reacts to, making it a correct explanation.

32. Assertion (A): Acceleration runs and pace runs are the training methods to improve speed.
Reason (R): A proper warming up before training and proper interval between training are helpful to reduce fatigue and increase speed.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Proper warming up and rest between training are essential principles that make the training methods mentioned in the Assertion effective for developing speed.

33. Assertion (A): In cyclic sports, technique and tactical action are very strongly bound with movement speed.
Reason (R): Movement speed is a phase of speed, and it is the ability to perform a single movement in the minimum of time.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Movement speed is of high bearing in cyclic sports. The ability to perform a single movement quickly (Reason) is fundamental to the overall technique in repetitive, cyclic sports (Assertion).

34. What are the necessary steps in improving flexibility?

(A) Proper warm-up
(B) Proper stretching
(C) Repetition of exercise
(D) All of these

Correct Answer: (D) All of these

Explanation: Improving flexibility requires a combination of warming up the muscles, performing specific stretching exercises, and repeating them consistently over time.

35. Which amongst these is not a method to improve flexibility?

(A) Ballistic
(B) Static stretching
(C) PNF
(D) Fartlek

Correct Answer: (D) Fartlek

Explanation: Fartlek is the training method for the development of speed and endurance, not flexibility.

36. Acceleration runs are used to improve ______.

(A) Strength
(B) Endurance
(C) Speed
(D) Flexibility

Correct Answer: (C) Speed

Explanation: Acceleration run is the training method to develop speed.

37. Assertion (A): Passive flexibility is the base of active flexibility.
Reason (R): Passive flexibility is the ability to perform movement with external help.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Passive and active flexibility have differences, and passive flexibility (the range of motion with external help) sets the maximum potential for active flexibility (the range of motion using one's own muscles).

38. Assertion (A): Additional pressure on flexibility should be given in the period before puberty.
Reason (R): The aim of flexibility training should be at optimal flexibility, and it is the most excellent age for the improvement of flexibility.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Childhood or before puberty is the excellent age to achieve the aim of optimum flexibility. The reason explains why emphasis should be placed on flexibility at this age.

39. Assertion (A): Post-isometric stretching method is based on PNF.
Reason (R): In this procedure, the muscle is first contracted maximally for 6-8 sec using an isometric method.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation) is the most advanced method to improve flexibility. The Reason correctly describes the "contract-relax" technique which is the basis of this method.

40. Which type of coordinative ability is required in games like judo and wrestling?

(A) Orientation ability
(B) Coupling ability
(C) Adaptation ability
(D) Differentiation ability

Correct Answer: (B) Coupling ability

Explanation: It is the ability to coordinate body part movements with one another and toward a definite goal-oriented body movement, crucial for complex skills in judo and wrestling.

41. What kind of coordinate abilities are defined as determining a body's position and its part in time and space concerning gravity and moving objects?

(A) Differentiation Ability
(B) Orientation Ability
(C) Adaptation Ability
(D) Coupling Ability

Correct Answer: (B) Orientation Ability

Explanation: Orientation Ability is the ability to determine and change the position and movements of the body within the required time and available space in a definite field of action and a moving object.

42. The ability to attain a high level of fine-tuning of movement phases is known as:

(A) Differentiation Ability
(B) Orientation Ability
(C) Adaptation Ability
(D) Coupling Ability

Correct Answer: (A) Differentiation Ability

Explanation: Differentiation Ability is the ability to attain a high fine-tuning of movement phases.

43. Assertion (A): Ability of a player to perceive the rhythm of a movement is essential to perform sports skills.
Reason (R): Rhythm ability is one of the important type of coordinative ability.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (A)

Explanation: Coordination is an essential part of physical fitness, and it can be improved through proper training. Rhythm ability being a key part of coordination (Reason) explains why it's essential for sports skills (Assertion).

44. Assertion (A): Coordinative abilities are understood as relatively stabilised and generalised patterns of motor control and regulation processes.
Reason (R): Motor development is the fundamental need for a child, and it should develop before puberty.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (B)

Explanation: Both are correct statements about sports science. However, the importance of motor development in childhood (Reason) does not explain the definition of coordinative abilities (Assertion). There is no direct cause-and-effect relationship.

45. Assertion (A): Coordination is the ability to perform smooth and accurate movements involving different parts of the body.
Reason (R): Hand and eye coordination is the base of overall balance of body.

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true, and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Correct Answer: (C)

Explanation: The assertion is a correct definition of coordination. The reason is false because overall body balance depends on the vestibular system in the inner ear, proprioception, strength, and posture, not just hand-eye coordination.

Ticker

CHAPTER 10: TRAINING IN SPORTS